| ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠥᠶᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠵᠤ | ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠥᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠥᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 1. ᠢᠷᠠᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠰᠢᠹᠧᠨ ︵Ctesiphon︶ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠰᠢᠹᠧᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠢᠷᠠᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠰᠢᠹᠧᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠳ᠋ ︵Baghdad︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡᠰᠢ 32 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠧᠯᠥᠰᠧᠳ᠋ ︵Seleucid︶ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠽᠢᠮᠪᠠᠪᠥᠸᠧᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠽᠢᠮᠪᠠᠪᠥᠸᠧᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠽᠢᠮᠪᠠᠪᠥᠸᠧᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠯᠥᠭ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ 1130 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 3 ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠱᠸᠤᠨᠠᠰ ︵Shonas︶ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠫᠠᠺᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠥᠧᠾᠧᠨ · ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠤ ︵Mohen Darrow︶ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠃ 4500 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠧᠾᠧᠨ · | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ︽ᠥᠬᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭ︾ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ | ᠲᠢᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠰ ︵Aryans︶ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 4. ᠪᠧᠩᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠭᠧᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ 15 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠷᠧᠮᠠᠫᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠷᠠ ︵ | Brahmaputra︶ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠡᠭᠧᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ 360 ᠯᠠᠯᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠥᠮᠡ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠥᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠴᠥᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠧᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ | ᠥᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 5. ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠸᠡᠰᠠᠸᠢᠳ᠋ ︵MesaVerde︶ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ᠃ ᠮᠸᠡᠰᠠᠸᠢᠳ᠋ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠨᠳᠢᠶᠠᠨᠴᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠤᠯᠤᠷᠤᠳᠣ᠋ ︵Colorado︶ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠥᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | 6. ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠧᠶᠢᠵᠧᠨᠭᠠᠷ ︵Vijayanagar︶ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠃ ᠸᠧᠶᠢᠵᠧᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ 1336 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 1986 | ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠳᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 7. ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠢ ︵Ani︶ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠃ ᠠᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠮᠧᠨᠢᠶᠠ ︵Armenia︶ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠲᠥᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠰᠥᠮᠡ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠠᠨᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ 11 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 13 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ | 8. ᠶᠧᠵᠢᠫᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠾᠪᠢᠰ ︵Thebes︶ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠃ ᠲᠾᠪᠢᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡ 3200 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡ 2000 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠴᠤ᠂ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡ 1000 ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠲᠾᠪᠢᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ | ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | 9. ᠲᠥᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠷᠳ᠋ᠾᠵ ︵Carthage︶ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠃ ᠺᠠᠷᠳ᠋ᠾᠵ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠲᠥᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡᠰᠢ 17 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠰᠥᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠺᠠᠷᠳ᠋ᠾᠵ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡ 9 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠺᠠᠷᠳ᠋ᠾᠵ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠴᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ | ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠤ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 10. ᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠧᠷᠰᠧᠪᠤᠯᠢᠰ ︵Persepolis︶ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠃ ᠫᠧᠷᠰᠧᠪᠤᠯᠢᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷᠧᠰ ︵Cyrus︶ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡ 560 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠲᠠ᠂ ᠫᠧᠷᠰᠧᠪᠤᠯᠢᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠠᠪᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠲᠠ ᠫᠧᠷᠰᠧᠪᠤᠯᠢᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠫᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ︵Apadana Palace︶ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | |